- closed systems
- закрытые системы, мало изменяющиеся под воздействием внешней окружающей среды.* * *закрытые системы, мало изменяющиеся под воздействием внешней окружающей среды.
Англо-русский словарь по социологии. 2011.
closed systems
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Open and closed systems in social science — Ludwig Bertalanffy describes two types of systems: open systems and closed systems. The open systems are systems that allow interactions between its internal elements and the environment. An open system is defined as a “system in exchange of… … Wikipedia
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Systems theory — is an interdisciplinary field of science and the study of the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. More specificially, it is a framework by which one can analyze and/or describe any group of objects that work in concert to… … Wikipedia
systems engineering — ☆ systems engineering n. a branch of engineering using esp. information theory, computer science, and facts from systems analysis studies to design integrated operational systems for specific complexes systems engineer n. * * * Technique of using … Universalium
Systems thinking — is a unique approach to problem solving in that it views certain problems as parts of an overall system, rather than focusing on individual outcomes and contributing to further development of the undesired element or problem. [O Connor, J.… … Wikipedia
Closed adoption — (also called confidential adoption and sometimes secret adoption) is the process by where an infant is adopted by another family, and the record of the biological parent(s) is kept sealed. (Often, the biological father is not recorded even on the … Wikipedia
Systems Engineering Laboratories — (also called SEL) was a manufacturer of minicomputers in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It was one of the first 32 bit realtime computer system manufacturers. Realtime computers are used for process control and monitoring; to accommodate these… … Wikipedia
Closed loop — may refer to: A feedback loop, often found in: Control theory#Closed loop transfer function, where a closed loop controller may be used Electronic feedback loops in electronic circuits PID controller, a commonly used closed loop controller Closed … Wikipedia
